The Biophysics of Vision: From Photoreceptors to Visual Perception

Автор: Nazym Sarsen
This article explores the biophysics of human vision, focusing on how light is transformed into neural signals and ultimately perceived as images. It begins with the optical properties of the eye, including how light is refracted and focused onto the retina. It then examines the role of photoreceptor cells—rods and cones—and the phototransduction cascade that converts photons into electrical signals. The paper also discusses how the retina processes these signals and how they are transmitted to and interpreted by the brain’s visual cortex. Finally, it highlights medical applications based on visual biophysics, such as OCT, ERG, and retinal implants. The article demonstrates how physical principles are deeply embedded in the mechanisms of sight and are essential to both our understanding and treatment of visual disorders.
vision.pdf